Economic Indicators

Currency exchanges rates – updated monthly. Economic indicators of industrial production. Countries included: France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Japan (Total G-7), Eurozone and Total EU-28 (Total OECD). Updated monthly. Economic indicators of car registration in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Japan, Republic of Korea and Other OECD (Total OECD-30). Updated monthly. Monthly averages of crude steel production in thousand metric tons for the United States, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Russia, Ukraine, South Africa, Iran, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan and Australia.     

CO2对油田地下水环境中Q235钢和X70钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了探明辽河油田地下水环境中CO₂对Q235钢和X70管线钢的腐蚀规律,采用动电位极化技术及交流阻抗技术研究了不同CO₂浓度对该环境下两种钢腐蚀行为的影响,并利用光学显微镜对试样腐蚀界面进行表征。结果表明:随着CO₂浓度的增加,Q235和X70钢的交流阻抗图谱的半径均减小,腐蚀电流密度增大,腐蚀坑数量、深度和面积都增加,腐蚀敏感性增大。在低浓度CO₂环境下(CO₂含量为10%时),Q235钢的腐蚀敏感性比X70钢更高;而在高浓度CO₂环境下(CO₂含量为20%、40%、60%时),Q235钢的腐蚀速率反而较小,耐腐蚀性更好。     

4140钢弯壳体断裂原因分析和改进措施

某钻具厂生产的一个批次的4140钢螺杆钻具弯壳体出现较多断裂。通过化学成分、力学性能和显微组织分析对失效弯壳体断裂原因进行了研究,并相应优化了热处理工艺。结果表明:弯壳体失效断裂主要原因是由于淬火过程中未淬透,导致显微组织存在大量条状和块状铁素体,未淬透的组织导致材质的强度、硬度和冲击性能较差,从而导致断裂。采用优化的淬火工艺,材料寿命达到了正常水平。     

35CrMo钢表面铁基激光熔覆层的组织和耐磨性能

采用CO2激光熔覆装置将LC3530铁基粉熔覆在35CrMo钢基体表面,研究了熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性能,并与基体的进行对比。结果表明:基体组织为回火索氏体,晶粒尺寸在20μm左右,而熔覆层的组织为均匀细小的等轴晶,晶粒尺寸大多在8μm;基体的平均硬度为254.1HV,而熔覆层的平均硬度为640.5HV,且硬度分布更加均匀;在相同试验条件下,熔覆层试样的磨损量仅为基体试样的1/7,磨损系数是基体试样的1/5,且磨损后熔覆层试样的表面粗糙度较磨损前的大幅下降,表明激光熔覆后35CrMo钢的耐磨性能得到显著提高;基体试样的磨损机制为犁削磨损,而熔覆层试样的磨损机制为微观切削,其优异的耐磨性能与含有铁、铬、钼和碳等元素的高硬度合金碳化物的形成有关。     

长管拖车缠绕气瓶纤维层冲击损伤的数字射线检测

采用缠绕气瓶替代钢制无缝气瓶是长管拖车轻量化的重要手段之一,但对于缠绕气瓶缠绕层因冲击造成的内部损伤,目前仍缺少成熟有效的检测手段。采用数字射线检测方法,针对玻璃纤维缠绕层冲击损伤造成的分层和危害较大的纤维断裂进行了试验研究。试验表明,采用数字射线检测能够有效检测最小深度为0.5 mm模拟纤维环向断裂刻槽和0.25 mm的模拟纤维轴向断裂刻槽;此外,还通过试验验证增加补偿块的方式,能极大地改善缠绕层分层部位的一次切向透照成像质量,进而提高检测效率。     

35CrMo钢组织遗传消除工艺研究

通过对船用长轴类大锻件的热处理工艺研究得知,采用临界区高温侧正火热处理工艺可以有效消除35CrMo钢组织遗传现象,细化晶粒。     

煤矿局部通风机风筒保护装置设计应用

为了提高掘进巷道通风稳定性,降低局部通风机风筒损坏率及漏风系数,提高风筒使用寿命,潞安集团司马煤业公司通风队通过技术分析设计了一套风筒保护装置,该装置提高了风筒使用寿命,降低了风筒漏风量,避免了掘进巷道风量不足现象,取得了显著应用成效。     

API X52管线钢与Corus RQT 701超高强钢的焊接工艺

针对超高强钢在机械行业的广泛使用,焊接接头易出现淬硬脆化、裂纹等缺陷的情况,采用焊条电弧焊(SMAW)和药芯气体保护焊(FCAW-GS)组合的焊接方法,对API X52管线钢与Corus RQT 701超高强钢的焊接进行了工艺试验,并进行常规力学性能试验。结果表明,通过合理匹配焊接工艺参数,严格控制低热输入量及层间温度,实现了小熔合比的异种钢焊接,且焊接接头具有良好的力学性能,达到了标准和规格书的要求;异种高强钢焊接,采用SMAW打底焊接和FCAWGS填充并盖面的方法,焊接效率较单纯采用焊条电弧焊工艺提高2倍以上。     

Slag eye formation in single and dual bottom purged industrial steelmaking ladles

ABSTRACT

Argon gas is often injected from the bottom of the ladle during steel refining operations. The injected gas interacts with the liquid (metal and slag) bath and enhances the momentum, heat, and mass transfer rate in the melt. However, during these gas–liquid interactions, an opening of the slag layer called slag eye is formed, which exposes the molten metal surface to the atmosphere, which is generally undesirable. In the current work, a transient, three-dimensional mathematical model is used to study the turbulent gas–liquid interactions in single as well as dual bottom blown industrial steelmaking ladles. A Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) model is used for tracking the steel-argon, steel-slag, and argon-slag interfaces, from which the slag-eye area has been predicted. It is found that the inlet gas purging rate, melt height, slag layer thickness, angular and radial positions of the gas inlets affect the slag opening area. Non-dimensional empirical correlations are proposed to predict the slag opening area in both single as well as dual purged ladles, using non-linear regression analysis.     

Effect of low-pressure carburizing and plasma nitriding on mechanical properties and fatigue endurance limits of low alloy sintered steels

ABSTRACT

Thermochemical treatments like plasma nitriding or surface carburizing are commonly used to enhance surface hardness of steel components. An important difference between these treatments is the temperature at which they are carried out. In the present paper, the surface carburizing was carried out following a recently reported non-isothermal low pressure carburizing (LPC) treatment. In order to gain a comparative view of the effect of different treatments on the microstructure, microhardness, fatigue and impact properties, materials with distinct hardenability and widely used in the industrial production were evaluated. Tests were also carried out using industrially processed components aimed to an application demanding high wear resistance. The microstructural evolution during case hardening was studied by optical and electron microscopy.